The name of the mountain evolved from a 1652 rendering of the indigenous name for the mountain, Carasarga, which it is surmised means "notch-pointed-mountain of pines."
Kearsarge is a monadnock. A monadnock or inselberg is an isolated hill, knob, ridge, outcrop, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain., other examples are Stone Mountain near Atlanta, and Pilot Mountain in NC. Although of only moderate elevation, its isolation gives it 2,100 ft (640 m) of relative height above the low ground separating it from the higher mountains farther north.